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MT Newsletter |  |
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SMT Faculty
Jessie Jacob Manu Prakash Rema Valsala |
Thought for the month: |
The key to realizing a dream is to focus not on success but significance - and then even the small steps and little victories along your path will take on greater meaning. ...Oprah Winfrey |
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FAQs
Standards Questionnaire |
A person who refuses to answer or cooperate is a stonewaller.
The idiom, “Life in the fast lane” means -- To live recklessly.. He is quite tender to palpation in the lumbosacral region bilaterally. He will need a slow prednisone taper so that he does not have withdrawal effects. She has no evidence of underlying ischemic heart disease. She does have nausea with vomiting due to reflux about 2 to 5 days a week. The patient will follow up with Cardiology tomorrow. Mitigate: To make milder, less severe, as, "We might attempt to mitigate his symptoms with phototherapy." |
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Q. What is Abruptio placentae?
Placenta is the organ that nourishes the fetus during its intrauterine life. Premature detachment or separation of a normally situated placenta from the site of uterine implantation before delivery of the fetus is known as abruptio placentae. The incidence of abruptio placentae, including any amount of placental separation prior to delivery, is about 1 out of 150 deliveries. The severe form, which results in fetal death, occurs only in about 1 out of 500 to 750 deliveries. ETIOLOGY: It is frequently difficult to determine the exact causes of abruptio placentae. Definable, direct causes that result in premature separation of the placenta are quite rare (1 to 5%) and they include: · Mechanical factors such as abdominal trauma (for example, from an vehicle accident or fall). · An abnormally short umbilical cord (usually only a problem at the time of delivery). · Sudden loss in uterine volume as occurs with rapid loss of amniotic fluid or the delivery of a first twin. RISK FACTORS: After one prior episode there is a 10 to 17% recurrence; after two previous episodes the chance of recurrence exceeds 20%. Increase in maternal age. Increase in the number of prior deliveries. Increased uterine distention (as may occur with multiple pregnancies or abnormally large volume of amniotic fluid). Diabetes mellitus in the pregnant woman. Cigarette smoking and/or cocaine abuse. Drinking more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week during pregnancy. High blood pressure during pregnancy is associated with a abruptio placentae rate of 2.5 to 17.9%. This may be caused by pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or other conditions. Approximately 50% of abruptio placentae cases severe enough to cause fetal death are associated with hypertension. SYMPTOMS: · Vaginal bleeding · Abdominal pain · Back pain During a physical examination, uterine tenderness and/or increased uterine tone may be noticed. Bleeding during pregnancy may be visible or concealed. TREATMENT: Treatment includes intravenous fluid replacement, blood transfusion, and careful monitoring of the mother for symptoms of shock and signs of fetal distress (fetal heart rate too high or too low, or abnormal fetal heart rate changes in relation to contractions). An emergency cesarean section may be necessary for fetal distress or maternal bleeding. If the fetus is immature and there is evidence of only a small placental separation, the mother may be hospitalized for observation and released after several days if no evidence of progressing abruptio occurs. If the fetus is mature, vaginal delivery may be chosen if maternal and fetal distress is minimal; otherwise, a cesarean section may be the preferred choice to protect the mother and the child. PROGNOSIS: The mother does not usually die from this condition. Maternal death rates in various parts of the world range from 0.5-5%. Early diagnosis of the condition and adequate treatment should decrease the maternal mortality even further. Fetal death rates range from 20-35%. Upon hospital admission, no fetal heart tone is detectable in about 15% of cases. Fetal distress appears early in the condition in approximately 50% of cases. The infants who live have a 40-50% chance of complications, which range from mild to severe. Factors that increase the risk of maternal or fetal death include: · Concealed vaginal bleeding in pregnancy · Excessive loss of blood resulting in shock · Absence of labor · A closed cervix · Delayed diagnosis and treatment COMPLICATIONS: Excessive loss of blood may lead to shock and possible fetal and/or maternal death. If the site of placental attachment starts to hemorrhage after the delivery and loss of blood cannot be controlled by other means, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may become necessary. PREVENTION: Early recognition and proper management of conditions in the mother such as diabetes and high blood pressure decrease the risk of abruptio placentae. They should avoid drinking, smoking, or using other drugs during pregnancy and get early and continuous prenatal care. Q. What are the warning signs of Alzheimer disease? Alzheimer disease is one form of dementia, which is a progressive, degenerative brain disease. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. The Alzheimer Association has developed a list of warning signs that include common symptoms of Alzheimer disease. 1. Memory loss. One of the most common early signs of dementia is forgetting recently learned information. While it is normal to forget appointments, names or telephone numbers, those with dementia will forget such things more often and not remember them later. 2. Difficulty performing familiar tasks. People with dementia often find it hard to complete everyday tasks that are so familiar we usually do not think about how to do them. A person with Alzheimer disease may not know the steps for preparing a meal, using a household appliance or participating in a lifelong hobby. 3. Problems with language. Everyone has trouble finding the right word sometimes, but a person with Alzheimer disease often forgets simple words or substitutes unusual words, making his or her speech or writing hard to understand. For example: If a person with Alzheimer disease is unable to find his or her glasses, that individual may ask for "that thing for my eyes." 4. Disorientation to time and place. It is normal to forget the day of the week or where you are going, but people with Alzheimer disease can become lost on their own street, forget where they are and how they got there, and not know how to get back home. 5. Poor or decreased judgment. No one has perfect judgment all of the time. Those with Alzheimer disease may dress without regard to the weather, wearing several shirts or blouses on a warm day or very little clothing in cold weather. Individuals with dementia often show poor judgment about money, giving away large amounts of money to telemarketers or paying for home repairs or products they do not need. 6. Problems with abstract thinking. Balancing a checkbook may be hard when the task is more complicated than usual. Someone with Alzheimer disease could forget completely what the numbers are and what needs to be done with them. 7. Misplacing things. Anyone can temporarily misplace a wallet or key. A person with Alzheimer disease may put things in unusual places: an iron in the freezer or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl. 8. Changes in mood or behavior. Everyone can become sad or moody from time to time. Someone with Alzheimer disease can show rapid mood swings from calm to tears to anger for no apparent reason. 9. Changes in personality. People's personalities ordinarily change somewhat with age, but a person with Alzheimer disease can change a lot, becoming extremely confused, suspicious, fearful or dependent on a family member. 10. Loss of initiative. It is normal to tire of housework, business activities, or social obligations at times. The person with Alzheimer disease may become very passive, sitting in front of the television for hours, sleeping more than usual or not wanting to do usual activities. |
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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT:
The singular verb is simply the verb form that agrees with a singular subject. Unlike singular subjects, singular verbs often end in the letter ‘s’. The plural verb is simply the verb form that agrees with a plural subject. Examples: The patient complains of having fever for two days. The patients complain of having fever for two days. The physician recommends rest. The physicians recommend rest. Note that only in the present tense do regular verbs have number. In all other tenses, they remain the same for both, singular and plural subjects. Exception to the rule: The forms of the verb, ‘to be’ are an exception to the ‘s’ rule and should be memorized. ‘Is’ and ‘are’ are used in the present tense, and ‘was’ and ‘were’ in the past tense. Examples: The guest of honor, along with his wife and two sons was seated at the first table. The ambassador, with his family and staff, invites you to a reception at the embassy on Tuesday afternoon at five o’clock. State University, the largest of the state supported schools, has more than 50.000 students on the main campus. Agreement - Indefinite Subject and Verb. Examples: Anyone, anything, each, either, whatever. Examples: Anyone who majors in architecture and fine arts studies History of Art. Either of these buses goes past the university. Neither Canada nor Mexico requires that citizens of the U.S. have passports. Agreement- Collective Subject and Verb Examples: Twenty dollars is the price. An audience usually does not applaud in a choir. Four miles is the distance to the office. When to use a plural verb with compound subjects Examples: The patient and his parents were offered accommodation quickly by the night supervisor. Neither Maria nor her brothers know what happened. Her family are all avid skiers. When to use a singular verb with compound subjects. Examples: Admission procedure, including CBC, urinalysis, and chest x-rays was carried out the previous day. Everyone has gone to the movies. The mumps was once a common childhood disease. A compound subject joined by not ‘only/but also’ takes a singular verb when the subject closest to the verb is singular. Use a plural verb when the subject closest to the verb is plural. Examples: Not only the oviducts but also the uterus was involved. Not only the uterus but also the oviducts were involved. To be continued in the next issue... |
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Q. A medication that is harmless is _____________.
a. noxious b. deleterious c. innocuous Q. The idiom, "Curve ball" means ___________. a. Something deceptive b. A ball that returns to the thrower c. Change direction abruptly Q. Fill in the blanks with the suitable word given in brackets: 1. The patient had ______ of the wound with no evidence of foreign debris within the wound. (exploration, expiration) 2. She also has an ultrasound pending of her ______. (lever, liver) 3. She states that she ______ may be once in every 3-4 hours. (omits, vomits) 4. It was elected at that time to treat her ______. (parentally, parenterally) 5. The muscle was checked and ______ fibers were intact. (its, it's) Q. Find the meaning of these homonyms: complacent and complaisant pleural and plural fascial and facial See the answers in the next month's issue.... |
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